When Period Pain Isn’t “Just Normal”: What You Should Know About Endometriosis
You’re Not Alone
Endometriosis affects about 1 in 10 women during their reproductive years. It’s one of the most common causes of pelvic pain—and it often takes years to get diagnosed. If your period pain interferes with daily life, it’s time to pay attention. That pain might be a sign of something more serious.
What Is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis happens when tissue that’s similar to the lining of the uterus grows in places it shouldn’t—like on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or bladder. Each month, this tissue acts like it would inside the uterus: thickening, breaking down, and bleeding. But because it’s not in the uterus, the blood and tissue can’t leave the body. This can lead to swelling, pain, scar tissue, and fertility problems.
What Are the Symptoms?
- Painful periods or cramps that get worse over time
- Pain during or after sex
- Pain with bowel movements or urination
- Heavy or long periods
- Trouble getting pregnant
- Bloating, fatigue, or nausea during your period
Some women have severe symptoms, while others barely notice anything. But if your period pain is stopping you from doing normal activities, talk to your doctor.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and may order tests like an ultrasound or MRI. But the only way to confirm endometriosis is through a minor surgery called a laparoscopy, where a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to look for endometriosis tissue.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Lifestyle Changes
Gentle activities like walking, yoga, and stretching can help ease pain. So can heating pads, warm baths, and stress-reduction techniques.
Medications
- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter drugs like ibuprofen can reduce cramping and inflammation.
- Hormonal treatments: Birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, and other therapies may reduce or stop the monthly bleeding and slow down the growth of endometriosis tissue.
Surgical Options
If medication doesn’t help or if fertility is a concern, your doctor may suggest surgery. The main types include:
- Laparoscopic excision surgery: A specialist carefully removes the endometriosis tissue while keeping your reproductive organs in place. This is often the most effective option for long-term relief.
- Ablation (or cauterization): In some cases, surgeons burn away the endometriosis spots.
- Hysterectomy: As a last resort—usually after trying other treatments—a hysterectomy may be performed to remove the uterus (and sometimes ovaries), especially if symptoms are severe and not improving.
For surgery, it’s important to see a gynecologic surgeon with specialized training in endometriosis. These doctors are often referred to as minimally invasive gynecologic surgeons or endometriosis specialists.
Who Refers You?
Start with your primary care doctor or OB/GYN. If your symptoms are complex or ongoing, they may refer you to a specialist who focuses on advanced gynecologic surgery.
Take the First Step
Endometriosis is common—but that doesn’t mean you have to live with the pain. Early diagnosis and the right treatment can make a big difference. Talk to your doctor and start the path to feeling better today.
